Anim Biosci > Volume 33(2); 2020 > Article |
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Items | Corn particle size (μm) | ||||
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441 | 543 | 618 | 659 | 768 | |
Ingredients | |||||
Corn | 96.9 | 96.9 | 96.9 | 96.9 | 96.9 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
Limestone | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Analyzed nutrient levels | |||||
Dry matter | 87.62 | 87.28 | 96.91 | 86.71 | 87.01 |
Crude protein | 7.83 | 7.91 | 7.88 | 8.01 | 7.92 |
Ether extract | 2.72 | 3.01 | 2.89 | 2.76 | 2.88 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 9.02 | 8.89 | 8.94 | 8.88 | 8.94 |
Acid detergent fiber | 2.25 | 2.03 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.48 |
Calcium | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
Total phosphorus | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.49 |
Gross energy (MJ/kg) | 15.64 | 15.59 | 15.52 | 15.63 | 15.51 |
1) Premix provided the following per kilogram of complete diet: 5,512 IU vitamin A as retinyl acetate, 2,200 IU vitamin D3 as cholecalciferol, 30 IU vitamin E as DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, 2.2 mg vitamin K3 as menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, 27.6 μg vitamin B12, 4 mg riboflavin, 14 mg pantothenic acid as DL-calcium pantothenate, 30 mg niacin, 400 mg choline chloride, 0.7 mg folacin, 1.5 mg thiamin as thiamine mononitrate, 3 mg pyridoxine as pyridoxine hydrochloride, 44 μg biotin, 40 mg Mn as MnO, 75 mg Fe as FeSO4·H2O, 75 mg Zn as ZnO, 100 mg Cu as CuSO4·5H2O, 0.3 mg I as KI, and 0.3 mg Se as Na2SeO3.
Items | Experimental diets1) | |||||
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CG 2 | CG 15 | CO 1 | CO 6 | CO 1+CGM 2 | CO 6+CGM 15 | |
Ingredient | ||||||
Corn | 94.9 | 81.9 | 95.9 | 90.9 | 93.9 | 75.9 |
Corn oil | - | - | 1.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 6.0 |
Corn germ | 2.0 | 15.0 | - | - | - | - |
Corn germ meal | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | 15.0 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
Salt | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Limestone | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Premix2) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Analyzed nutrient levels | ||||||
Dry matter | 87.72 | 87.52 | 86.64 | 87.36 | 87.04 | 86.78 |
Crude protein | 7.77 | 8.63 | 7.73 | 7.05 | 7.43 | 8.56 |
Ether extract | 3.97 | 7.35 | 3.39 | 7.91 | 4.13 | 8.76 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 10.80 | 13.61 | 9.79 | 9.59 | 10.68 | 15.75 |
Acid detergent fiber | 2.72 | 3.98 | 2.45 | 2.34 | 2.57 | 4.72 |
Calcium | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.61 |
Total phosphorus | 0.56 | 1.01 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.98 |
Gross energy (MJ/kg) | 16.12 | 16.95 | 15.98 | 16.84 | 16.08 | 17.17 |
1) CG 2 and CG 15, corn germ with inclusion rate of 2% and 15% in diet, respectively; CO 1+CGM 2, corn oil with inclusion rate of 1% combined with corn germ meal with inclusion rate of 2% in diet; CO 6+CGM 15, corn oil with inclusion rate of 6% combined with corn germ meal with inclusion rate of 15% in diet; CO 1 and CO 6, corn oil with inclusion rate of 1% and 6% in diet, respectively.
2) Premix provided the following per kilogram of complete diet: 5,512 IU vitamin A as retinyl acetate, 2,200 IU vitamin D3 as cholecalciferol, 30 IU vitamin E as DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, 2.2 mg vitamin K3 as menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, 27.6 μg vitamin B12, 4 mg riboflavin, 14 mg pantothenic acid as DL-calcium pantothenate, 30 mg niacin, 400 mg choline chloride, 0.7 mg folacin, 1.5 mg thiamin as thiamine mononitrate, 3 mg pyridoxine as pyridoxine hydrochloride, 44 μg biotin, 40 mg Mn as MnO, 75 mg Fe as FeSO4·H2O, 75 mg Zn as ZnO, 100 mg Cu as CuSO4·5H2O, 0.3 mg I as KI, and 0.3 mg Se as Na2SeO3.
Items | Particle size (μm) | SEM | p-value | ||||||
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441 | 543 | 618 | 659 | 768 | ANOVA | Linear | Quadratic | ||
ATTD (%) | |||||||||
Gross energy | 90.6a | 90.5a | 89.4ab | 88.6bc | 87.6c | 0.4 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.343 |
Crude protein | 84.6 | 85.6 | 86.4 | 84.6 | 82.5 | 0.9 | 0.080 | 0.044 | 0.089 |
Ether extract | 74.0a | 56.9b | 52.5b | 41.1c | 26.2d | 2.5 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.012 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 56.9b | 61.4ab | 67.0a | 57.2b | 54.8b | 2.1 | 0.005 | 0.083 | 0.045 |
Acid detergent fiber | 52.6b | 58.5ab | 63.8a | 54.8ab | 50.6b | 2.2 | 0.009 | 0.078 | 0.013 |
Energy values (MJ/kg, as DM) | |||||||||
Digestible energy of diet | 16.3a | 16.2a | 16.0ab | 15.9bc | 15.7c | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.342 |
Digestible energy of corn | 16.7a | 16.7a | 16.6a | 16.5ab | 16.3b | 0.1 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.676 |
Items | Experimental diets1) | SEM | p-value | |||||
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CG 2 | CG 15 | CO 1 | CO 6 | CO 1+CGM 2 | CO 6+CGM 15 | |||
ATTD (%) | ||||||||
Gross energy | 85.5cd | 84.0d | 89.5a | 89.0ab | 87.3bc | 84.7d | 0.5 | 0.010 |
Crude protein | 79.5bc | 81.4ab | 84.6a | 82.3ab | 80.1b | 75.5c | 1.0 | 0.006 |
Ether extract | 47.5c | 47.9c | 57.6b | 75.0a | 54.8bc | 73.9a | 1.8 | 0.009 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 52.8b | 64.2a | 61.9ab | 64.0a | 58.7ab | 62.7ab | 2.4 | 0.046 |
Acid detergent fiber | 39.2b | 65.1a | 57.3ab | 59.5a | 53.9ab | 64.2a | 4.1 | 0.001 |
Energy values (MJ/kg, as DM) | ||||||||
Digestible energy of diet | 15.7d | 16.3c | 16.40bc | 17.2a | 16.0cd | 16.8b | 0.1 | 0.004 |
1) CG 2 and CG 15, corn germ with inclusion rate of 2% and 15% in diet, respectively; CO 1+CGM 2, corn oil with inclusion rate of 1% combined with corn germ meal with inclusion rate of 2% in diet; CO 6+CGM 15, corn oil with inclusion rate of 6% combined with corn germ meal with inclusion rate of 15% in diet; CO 1 and CO 6, corn oil with inclusion rate of 1% and 6% in diet, respectively.
Determination and prediction of amino acid digestibility in brown rice for growing-finishing pigs