Alcock NW, Shils ME. 1974. Serum immunoglobulin G in the magnesium-depleted rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 145:855–858.
AOAC. 2006. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ednAssociation of Official Analytical Chemists; Arlington, VA, USA:
Apple JK, Maxwell CV, DeRodas B, Watson HB, Johnson ZB. 2000. Effect of magnesium mica on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine. J Anim Sci 78:2135–2143.
Apple JK, Kegley EB, Maxwell CV, Rakes LK, Galloway D, Wistuba TJ. 2005. Effects of dietary magnesium and short-duration transportation on stress response, postmortem muscle metabolism, and meat quality of finishing swine. J Anim Sci 83:1633–1645.
Ariza-Nieto C, Bandrick M, Baidoo SK, Anil L, Molitor TW, Hathaway MR. 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oils to sows on colostrum and milk composition, growth pattern and immune status of suckling pigs. J Anim Sci 89:1079–1089.
Bourne FJ, Curtis J. 1973. The transfer of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM from serum to colostrum and milk in the sow. Immunology 24:157–162.
Boyd RD, Kensinger RS. 1998. Metabolic precursors for milk synthesis. Lactating Sow. 1st EdVerstegen MWA, Morgan PJ, Schrama JW, editorsWageningen Press; Wageningen, Netherlands: p. 71–95.
Brandtzaeg P. 2010. The mucosal immune system and its integration with the mammary glands. J Pediatr 156:S8–S15.
Cowart RP. 2007. Parturition and dystocia in swine. Large Animal Theriogenology. Youngquist RS, Threlfall WR, editorsSaunders; St. Louis, MI, USA: p. 778–784.
D’souza DN, Warner RD, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR. 1998. The effect of dietary magnesium aspartate supplementation on pork quality. J Anim Sci 76:104–109.
Eissen JJ, Apel doorn EJ, Kanis E, Verstegen MWA, de Greef KH. 2003. The importance of a high feed intake during lactation of primiparous sows nursing large litters. J Anim Sci 81:594–603.
Galland L. 1988. Magnesium and immune function: An overview. Magnesium 7:290–299.
Gaskins HR. 1998. Immunological development and mucosal defence in the pig intestine. p. 81–10. Progress in Pig Science. Wiseman J, Varley MA, Chadwick JP, editorsNottingham University Press; Nottingham, UK: p. 81–10.
Guerrera MP, Volpe SL, Mao JJ. 2009. Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Fam Physician 80:157–162.
Haenni A, Ohrvall M, Lithell H. 1998. Atherogenic lipid fractions are related to ionized magnesium status. Am J Clin Nutr 67:202–207.
Hermansson I, Einarsson S, Larsson K, Backstrom L. 1978. On the agalactia postpartum in the sow. A clinical study. Nord Vet Med 30:465–473.
Ikarashi N, Mimura A, Kon R, Iizasa T, Omodaka M, Nagoya C, Ishii M, Toda T, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. 2012. The concomitant use of an osmotic laxative, magnesium sulphate, and a stimulant laxative, bisacodyl, does not enhance the laxative effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 45:73–78.
Ikarashi N, Mochiduki T, Takasaki A, Ushiki T, Baba K, Ishii M, Kudo T, Ito K, Toda T, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. 2011a. A mechanism by which the osmotic laxative magnesium sulphate increases the intestinal aquaporin 3 expression in HT-29 cells. Life Sci 88:194–200.
Ikarashi N, Ushiki T, Mochizuki T, Toda T, Kudo T, Baba K, Ishii M, Ito K, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. 2011b. Effects of magnesium sulphate administration on aquaporin 3 in rat gastrointestinal tract. Biol Pharm Bull 34:238–242.
Izzo AA, Gaginella TS, Capasso F. 1996. The osmotic and intrinsic mechanisms of the pharmacological laxative action of oral high doses of magnesium sulphate. Importance of the release of digestive polypeptides and nitric oxide. Magnes Res 9:133–138.
Jackson JR, Hurley WL, Easter RA, Jensen AH, Odle J. 1995. Effects of induced or delayed parturition and supplemental dietary fat on colostrum and milk composition in sows. J Anim Sci 73:1906–1913.
Kim YB. 1975. Developmental immunity in the piglet. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 11:549–557.
Klobasa F, Werhahn E, Butler JE. 1987. Composition of sow milk during lactation. J Anim Sci 64:1458–1466.
Koketsu Y, Dial GD, Pettigrew JE, King VL. 1997. Influence of feed intake during individual weeks of lactation on reproductive performance of sows on commercial farms. Livest Prod Sci 49:217–225.
Kubena KS, Cohill DT, McMurray DN. 1989. Effect of varying levels of magnesium during gestation and lactation on humoral immune response and tissue minerals in rats. Ann Nutr Metab 33:7–14.
Lahucky R, Nuernberg K, Kuechenmeister U, Bahelka I, Mojto J, Nuernberg G. 2004. The effect of dietary magnesium oxide supplementation on fatty acid composition, antioxidative capacity and meat quality of heterozygous and normal malignant hyperthermia pigs. Arch. Tierz., Dummerstorf 47:183–191.
Larvor P. 1980. Magnesium, humoral immunity, and allergy. Magnesium in Health and Disease Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Magnesium. Cantin M, Seelig MS, editorsSP Medical and Scientific Books; New York, USA: p. 201–224.
Le Cozler Y, Ringmar-Cederberg E, Rydhmer L, Lundeheim N, Dourmad JY, Neil M. 1999. Effect of feedings level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows: 2. Reproductive performance, food intake, backfat changes and culling rate during the first two parities. Anim Sci 68:365–377.
Le Dividich J. 2006. The issue of colostrum in piglet survival: energy and immunity. Biotechnology in the Feed Industry: Proceedings of Alltech’s 22 Annual Symposium. Lyons TP, Jacques KA, editorsNottingham Press University; Nottingham, UK: p. 89–102.
Le Dividich J, Seve B. 2001. Energy requirement of the young pig. The Weaner Pig. Varley MA, Wiseman J, editorsCABI Publishing; Wallingford, UK: p. 17–44.
Lee S, Britton WM. 1980. Magnesium toxicity: Effect on phosphorus utilization by broiler chicks. Poult Sci 59:1989–1994.
Liu ZK, Luo BR. 2010. Investigation of sow reproductive condition in part scale pig farms in seven provinces of China. Swine Prod 5:65–68.
Maguire ME, Cowan JA. 2002. Magnesium chemistry and biochemistry. Biometals 15:203–210.
McCoy H, Kenney MA. 1992. Magnesium and immune function: recent findings. Magnes Res 5:281–293.
Miller MB, Hartsock TG, Erez B, Douglass L, Alston-Mills B. 1994. Effect of dietary calcium concentrations during gestation and lactation in the sow on milk composition and litter growth. J Anim Sci 72:1315–1319.
National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th EdNational Academy Press; Washington, DC, USA:
Noblet J, Etienne M. 1989. Estimation of sow milk nutrient output. J Anim Sci 67:3352–3359.
Oliviero C, Kokkonen T, Heinonen M, Sankari S, Peltoniemi O. 2009. Feeding sows with high fibre diet around farrowing and early lactation: impact on intestinal activity, energy balance related parameters and litter performance. Res Vet Sci 86:314–319.
Rattanatayarom W, Korteerakul K, Classen HG, Spatling L. 2000. Effects of magnesium-L-aspartate hydrochloride supplements in pregnant sows. Magnes B 22:39–44.
Salmon H, Berri M, Gerdts V, Meurens F. 2009. Humoral and cellular factors of maternal immunity in swine. Dev Comp Immunol 33:384–393.
Shen YM. 1998. Characteristics and application of dietary fiber. Cereals and Oils 4:2–4.
Shi MK. 2010. Reasons and prevention measures for sow constipation in intensive farms. Chinese J Anim Quar 27:59–60.
Siener R, Jahnen A, Hesse A. 2011. Bioavailability of magnesium from different pharmaceutical formulations. Urol Res 39:123–127.
Smith BB. 1985. Pathogenesis and therapeutic management of lactation failure in periparturient sows. Compend Contin Educ Prac Vet 7:S523–S532.
Stockdale CR. 2004. Effects of feeding magnesium sulfate to dry pregnant dairy cows with different body condition scores on intake in late gestation, periparturient blood calcium concentrations and production in early lactation. Anim Prod Sci 44:539–546.
Tabeling R, Schwier S, Kamphues J. 2003. Effects of different feeding and housing conditions on dry matter content and consistency of faeces in sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 87:116–121.
Tang DH. 2000. Effect of feeding magnesium sulfate to fattening pigs on constipation. Lives Poult Ind 6:24–25.
Trawńska B, Polonis A, Lechowski J, Tymczyna L, Borowski R, Gizińska K. 2013. Effect of the addition of magnesium salt to a feed mixture on intestinal microflora, health, and production of sows. Bull. Vet. Inst Pulawy 57:69–72.
Van der Hoeven-Hangoor E, Van de Linde IB, Paton ND, Verstegen MWA, Hendriks WH. 2013. Effect of different magnesium sources on digesta and excreta moisture content and production performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 92:382–391.
Windhauser MM, Kappel LC, Hegsted M. 1991. The humoral immune response in marginally and severely magnesium deficient rats. J Nutr Biochem 2:541–546.
Wolf FI, Cittadini A. 2003. Chemistry and biochemistry of magnesium. Mol Aspects Med 24:3–9.
Yang Y, Gao MY, Nie W, Yuan JM, Zhang BK, Wang Z, Wu ZL. 2012. Dietary magnesium sulfate supplementation protects heat stress-induced oxidative damage by restoring the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 146:53–58.
Zimowska W, Girardeau JP, Kuryszko J, Bayle D, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur A. 2002. Morphological and immune response alterations in the intestinal mucosa of the mouse after short periods on a low-magnesium diet. Br J Nutr 88:515–522.