AOAC. 1995. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. Cunniff PA, editor16th ednAOAC International; Arlington, VA, USA:
Aziz AA, Kenney LS, Goulet B, Abdel-Aal E. 2009. Dietary starch type affects body weight and glycemic control in freely fed but not energy-restricted obese rats. J Nutr 139:1881–1889.
Behall KM, Hallfrisch J. 2002. Plasma glucose and insulin reduction after consumption of breads varying in amylose content. Eur J Clin Nutr 56:913–920.
Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Canary J. 1988. Effect of starch structure on glucose and insulin responses in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 47:428–432.
Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Yuhaniak I, Canary J. 1989. Diets containing high amylose vs amylopectin starch: effects on metabolic variables in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 49:337–344.
Berger A, Halver JE. 1987. Effect of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate content on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of striped bass,
Morone saxatillis (Walbaum), fingerlings. Aquac Res 18:345–356.
Bergh M, Razdan A, Aman P. 1999. Nutritional influence of broiler chicken diets based on covered normal, waxy and high amylose barleys with or without enzyme supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 78:215–226.
Bergot F. 1979. Carbohydrate in rainbow trout diets: effects of the level and source of carbohydrate and the number of meals on growth and body composition. Aquaculture 18:157–167.
Boujard T, Gelineau A, Coves D, Corraze G, Dutto G, Gasset E, Kaushik S. 2004. Regulation of feed intake, growth, nutrient and energy utilisation in European sea bass (
Dicentrarchus labrax) fed high fat diets. Aquaculture 231:529–545.
Brauge C, Medale F, Corraze G. 1994. Effect of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, body composition and glycaemia in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in seawater. Aquaculture 123:109–120.
Camp LK, Southern LL, Bidner TD. 2003. Effect of carbohydrate source on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 81:2488–2495.
Cohen RS, Tanksley TD. 1973. Energy and protein digestibility of sorghum grains with different endosperm textures and starch types by growing swine. J Anim Sci 37:931–935.
Collins NE, Moran ET, Stilborn HL. 2003. Performance of broilers fed normal and waxy corn diets formulated with chick and rooster derived apparent metabolizable energy values for the grains. J Appl Poult Res 12:196–206.
Dai Q, Li X, Zhang S, Jiang G, Hu Y, Chen F. 2008. Effects of different dietary amylose-amylopectin ratios on production performance and nutrient availability of yellow broilers. Chinese J Anim Nutr 20:249–255.
Denardin CC, Boufleur N, Reckziege P, da Silva LP, Walter M. 2012. Amylose content in rice (
Oryza sativa) affects performance, glycemic and lipidic metabolism in rats. Ciênc Rural 42:381–387.
Deng J, Wu X, Bin S, Li TJ, Huang R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Ruan Z, Deng Z, Hou Y, Yin YL. 2010. Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio and resistant starch content affects plasma glucose, lactic acid, hormone levels and protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 94:220–226.
Enes P, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Oliva-Teles A. 2009. Nutritional regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 35:519–539.
Enes P, Peres H, Couto A, Oliva-Teles A. 2010. Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets including starch, dextrin, maltose or glucose as carbohydrate source by gilthead sea bream (
Sparus aurata) juveniles. Fish Physiol Biochem 36:903–910.
Englyst HN, Hudson GJ. 1996. The classification and measurement of dietary carbohydrates. Food Chem 57:15–21.
Ertl D, Dale N. 1997. The metabolizable energy of waxy vs. normal corn for poultry. J Appl Poult Res 6:432–435.
Fugui Y, Zhenzhen Z, Ju H, Yulong Y. 2010. Digestion rate of dietary starch affects systemic circulation of amino acids in weaned pigs. Br J Nutr 103:1404–1412.
Glencross B, Blyth D, Tabrett S, Bourne N, Irvin S, Anderson M, Fox-Smith T, Smullen R. 2012. An assessment of cereal grains and other starch sources in diets for barramundi
(Lates calcarifer) – implications for nutritional and functional qualities of extruded feeds. Aquacult Nutr 18:388–399.
Goddard MS, Young G, Marcus R. 1984. The effect of amylose content on insulin and glucose responses to ingested rice. Am J Clin Nutr 39:388–392.
Granfeldt Y, Drews A, Björck I. 1995. Arepas made from high amylose corn flour produce favorably low glucose and insulin response in healthy humans. J Nutr 125:459–465.
Granfeldt Y, Liljeberg H, Drews A, Newman R, Björck I. 1994. Glucose and insulin responses to barley products: influence of food structure and amylose-amylopectin ratio. Am J Clin Nutr 59:1075–1082.
Gutierrez Del, Alamo A, Verstegen MWA, den Hartog LA, Perez de Ayala P, Villamide MJ. 2009. Wheat starch digestion rate affects broiler performance. Poult Sci 88:1666–1675.
Hemre GI, Lie Ø, Sundby A. 1993. Dietary carbohydrate utilization in cod (
Gadus morhua): metabolic responses to feeding and fasting. Fish Physiol Biochem 10:455–463.
Hemre G-I, Mommsen TP, Krogdahl Å. 2002. Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquacult Nutr 8:175–194.
Hruby M. 2005. Challenge of corn variability. Feed Int 26:5–11.
Kabir M, Rizkalla SW, Champ M, Luo J, Boillot J, Bruzzo F, Slama G. 1998. Dietary amylose-amylopectin starch content affects glucose and lipid metabolism in adipocytes of normal and diabetic rats. J Nutr 128:35–43.
Krogdahl Å, Hemre G-I, Mommsen TP. 2005. Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: digestion and absorption in postlarval stages. Aquac Nutr 11:103–122.
Kyuma T, Ishida M. 1989. Growth and digestion of goats fed high-amylose corn and waxy corn. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 2:359–360.
Mahadevamma S, Tharanathan RN. 2007. Processed rice starch characteristics and morphology. Eur Food Res Technol 225:603–612.
Mommsen TP, Plisetskaya EM. 1991. Insulin in fishes and agnathans: history, structure and metabolic regulation. Rev Aquat Sci 4:225–259.
Mongeau R, Sarwar G, Brassard R, Botting HG. 1995. Effects of amylose and wheat bran on the levels of blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), other blood parameters, growth and fecal characteristics in rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 48:95–105.
Moon TW. 2001. Glucose intolerance in teleost fish: fact or fiction? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem Mol Biol 129:243–249.
Noakes M, Clifton PM, Nestel PJ, Leu RL, McIntosh G. 1996. Effect of high-amylose starch and oat bran on metabolic variables and bowel function in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Clin Nutr 64:944–951.
Perez JM, Aumaitre A. 1979. Waxy versus regular maize: Energy value for growing pigs and utilization in piglet diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 4:109–115.
Pirgozliev VR, Rose SP, Bedford MR. 2010. The effect of amylose-amylopectin ratio in dietary starch on growth performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Geflügelkd 74:S21–S29.
Pirgozliev VR, Rose SP, Graybosch RA. 2002. Energy and amino acid availability to chickens of waxy wheat. Arch Geflügelkd 66:108–113.
Pirgozliev VR, Rose SP, Kettlewell PS, Bedford MR. 2000. Relationship between chemical composition of wheat and broiler chicken growth performance. Brit Poult Sci 41:S697–S698.
Polakof S, Álvarez R, Soengas JL. 2010. Gut glucose metabolism in rainbow trout: implications in glucose homeostasis and glucosensing capacity. Am. J. Physiol.-Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299:R19–R32.
Rawles S, Lochmann R. 2003. Effects of amylopectid-amylose starch ratio on growth, body composition and glycemic response of sunshine bass
Morone chrysops ♀×
M. saxatilis ♂. J World Aquacult Soc 34:278–288.
Shelton JL, Matthews JO, Southern LL, Higbie AD, Bidner TD, Fernandez JM, Pontif JE. 2004. Effect of nonwaxy and waxy sorghum on growth, carcass traits, and glucose and insulin kinetics of growing-finishing barrows and gilts. J Anim Sci 82:1699–1706.
Shiau S-Y, Chen M-J. 1993. Carbohydrate utilization by tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus×
O. aureus) as influenced by different chromium sources. J Nutr 123:1747–1753.
Shibanuma K, Takeda Y, Hizukuri S, Shibata S. 1994. Molecular structure of some wheat starches. Carbohydr Polym 25:111–116.
Solomon SG, Tiamiyu LO, Agaba UJ. 2007. Effect of feeding different grain sources on the growth performance and body composition of tilapia, (
Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings fed in outdoor hapas. Pakistan J Nutr 6:271–275.
Spyridakis P, Metailler R, Gabaudan J, Riaza A. 1989. Studies on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (
Dicentrarchus labrax): 1. Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection. Aquaculture 77:61–70.
Stone DA. 2003. Dietary carbohydrate utilization by fish. Rev Fish Sci 11:337–369.
Suárez MD, Sanz A, Bazoco J, García-Gallego M. 2002. Metabolic effects of changes in the dietary protein: carbohydrate ratio in eel (
Angilla anguill a) and trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult Int 10:143–156.
Tan Q, Xie S, Zhu X, Lei W, Yang Y. 2006. Effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on growth performance and utilization for gibel carp (
Carassius auratus gibelio) and Chinese longsnout catfish (
Leiocassis longirostris Günther). Aquacult Nutr 12:61–70.
Weststrate JA, van Amelsvoort JMM. 1993. Effects of the amylose content of breakfast and lunch on postprandial variables in male volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 58:180–186.
Weurding RE, Veldman A, Veen WAG, van der Aar PJ, Verstegen MWA. 2001.
In vitro starch digestion correlates well with rate and extent of starch digestion in broiler chickens. J Nutr 131:2336–2342.
Wilson RP. 1994. Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture 124:67–80.
Yamamoto T, Shima T, Furuita H, Suzuki N, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Tabata M. 2001. Self-selection and feed consumption of diets with a complete amino acid composition and a composition deficient in either methionine or lysine by rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquac. Res. 32:Suppl. 183–91.
Ye J, Wang K, Li F, Sun Y. 2011. Single or combined effects of fructo- and mannan oligosaccharide supplements and
Bacillus clausii on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response and lipid metabolism of the Japanese flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquac. Nutr. 17:e902–e911.
Yin F, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Xie M, Huang J, Huang R, Li T. 2011. Digestion rate of dietary starch affects the systemic circulation of lipid profiles and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in weaned pigs. Br J Nutr 106:369–377.
Zhou X, Kaplan ML. 1997. Soluble amylose cornstarch is more digestible than soluble amylopectin potato starch in rats. J Nutr 127:1349–1356.
Zobel HF. 1988. Molecules to granules: a comprehensive starch review. Starch-Stärke 40:44–50.