Items | Starter (d 1 to 14) | Finisher (d 15 to 28) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
RE1) | BD1) | RE | BD | |
Ingredients (%) | ||||
Corn | 58.85 | 56.16 | 60.82 | 59.95 |
Soybean meal (CP 44%) | 31.20 | 31.50 | 28.00 | 25.45 |
Corn gluten meal (CP 60%) | 4.37 | 4.65 | 3.14 | 5.02 |
Tallow | 1.35 | 3.50 | 4.00 | 5.50 |
Limestone | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 2.08 | 2.08 | 1.89 | 1.93 |
NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
L-lys·HCl (24%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
DL-methionine (99%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
L-threonine (98.5%) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Vitamin premix2) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Trace mineral premix3) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Analytical composition | ||||
ME (kcal/kg)4) | 2,950 | 3,050 | 3,100 | 3,200 |
Crude protein (%) | 22.04 | 22.03 | 19.97 | 19.98 |
EE (%) | 4.24 | 6.25 | 6.77 | 8.25 |
Total lysine (%) | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.05 |
Methionine (%) | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.55 |
Ca (%) | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.88 |
Total P (%) | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.67 |
Fatty acid profile (%) | ||||
C14:00 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
C16:00 | 10.14 | 10.48 | 10.68 | 10.90 |
C16:01 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
C18:00 | 2.01 | 2.31 | 2.38 | 2.43 |
C18:01 | 21.96 | 22.40 | 22.70 | 23.21 |
C18:02 | 51.25 | 50.20 | 50.10 | 50.31 |
C18:03 | 2.61 | 2.60 | 2.71 | 2.49 |
C18:04 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.82 |
SFA | 12.21 | 12.92 | 13.20 | 13.49 |
PUFA | 54.66 | 53.59 | 53.63 | 52.62 |
MUFA | 22.09 | 22.62 | 22.92 | 23.45 |
CP, crude protein; ME, metabolizable energy; EE, ether extract; SFA, saturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid.
1) BE, basal diet; RE, reduced energy diet; replaced the same amount of corn with lipase to create dietary treatments.
2) Provided per kilogram of diet: 15,000 IU of vitamin A, 3,750 IU of vitamin D3, 37.5 mg of vitamin E, 2.55 mg of vitamin K3, 3 mg of thiamin, 7.5 mg of riboflavin, 4.5 mg of vitamin B6, 24 μg of vitamin B12, 51 mg of niacin, 1.5 mg of folic acid, 0.2 mg of biotin, and 13.5 mg of pantothenic acid.
Item | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d 1 to 14 | ||||||
BWG (g) | 397b | 416a | 415a | 422a | 4.13 | 0.02 |
FI (g) | 480 | 492 | 490 | 487 | 7.02 | 0.38 |
FCR | 1.209a | 1.182ab | 1.180ab | 1.154b | 0.019 | 0.03 |
d 15 to 28 | ||||||
BWG (g) | 1,059 | 1,087 | 1,066 | 1,102 | 21.15 | 0.40 |
FI (g) | 1,677 | 1,664 | 1,640 | 1,625 | 25.22 | 0.28 |
FCR | 1.583a | 1.531ab | 1.538ab | 1.474b | 0.023 | 0.04 |
d 1 to 28 | ||||||
BWG (g) | 1,456 | 1,503 | 1,481 | 1,524 | 22.01 | 0.07 |
FI (g) | 2,157 | 2,156 | 2,130 | 2,112 | 23.31 | 0.19 |
FCR | 1.481a | 1.434ab | 1.438ab | 1.385b | 0.019 | 0.03 |
SEM, pooled standard error of the means; BWG, body weight gain; FI, feed intake; FCR, feed conversion ratio; ME, metabolizable energy.
Item (%) | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d 14 | ||||||
DM | 72.99b | 74.33ab | 73.90b | 75.96a | 0.40 | 0.02 |
N | 65.53b | 65.63b | 65.85b | 67.39a | 0.33 | 0.04 |
EE | 77.02b | 78.23ab | 78.38ab | 79.47a | 0.48 | 0.03 |
GE | 80.10b | 81.19ab | 81.08ab | 81.65a | 0.31 | 0.04 |
d 28 | ||||||
DM | 74.66b | 75.16ab | 74.79b | 76.12a | 0.42 | 0.04 |
N | 67.81 | 67.73 | 67.90 | 68.22 | 0.35 | 0.38 |
EE | 77.20b | 79.60a | 77.96b | 79.95a | 0.46 | 0.02 |
GE | 80.35 | 80.87 | 80.24 | 80.58 | 0.33 | 0.86 |
SEM, pooled standard error of the means; DM, dry matter; N, nitrogen; EE, ether extract; GE, gross energy; ME, metabolizable energy.
Item (mg/dL) | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d 14 | ||||||
TC | 118.6ab | 126.6a | 115.4b | 112.4b | 3.20 | 0.02 |
TG | 87.0b | 91.9a | 84.3b | 84.5b | 1.64 | 0.04 |
HDL-C | 89.0 | 94.2 | 87.2 | 85.1 | 3.55 | 0.26 |
LDL-C | 26.3b | 29.8a | 24.9bc | 22.2c | 1.03 | 0.03 |
d 28 | ||||||
TC | 127.0 | 127.4 | 122.5 | 117.3 | 3.50 | 0.32 |
TG | 85.6ab | 90.8a | 80.3ab | 78.7b | 3.19 | 0.04 |
HDL-C | 91.5 | 92.8 | 90.4 | 88.7 | 2.62 | 0.46 |
LDL-C | 23.0ab | 26.5a | 22.3b | 20.0b | 1.33 | 0.02 |
SEM, pooled standard error of the means; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ME, metabolizable energy.
Item | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VH (μm) | 778b | 807b | 827ab | 911a | 32 | 0.03 |
CD (μm) | 114 | 129 | 120 | 106 | 8.0 | 0.14 |
VH:CD ratio | 6.82b | 6.26b | 6.89b | 8.59a | 0.38 | 0.01 |
SEM, pooled standard error of the means; VH, villus height; CD, crypt depth; ME, metabolizable energy.
Item | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sucrase | 301 | 288 | 306 | 328 | 26.0 | 0.44 |
Maltase | 1,686 | 1,712 | 1,672 | 1,697 | 183.5 | 0.76 |
Amylase | 1,008 | 1,156 | 1,065 | 1,108 | 165.5 | 0.87 |
Trypsin | 8.35 | 11.51 | 10.38 | 11.20 | 2.71 | 0.53 |
Lipase | 0.65b | 0.86a | 0.79ab | 0.84a | 0.06 | 0.04 |
Item | RET2) | BDT2) | RET0152) | RET032) | SEM | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast muscle color | ||||||
Lightness (L*) | 55.30 | 55.14 | 55.43 | 56.06 | 1.51 | 0.69 |
Redness (a*) | 14.90 | 15.23 | 15.04 | 13.80 | 0.45 | 0.12 |
Yellowness (b*) | 8.24 | 8.70 | 8.55 | 9.00 | 0.48 | 0.78 |
Water holding capacity (%) | 60.70 | 61.51 | 62.10 | 61.14 | 0.63 | 0.54 |
pH | 5.48 | 5.49 | 5.45 | 5.40 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Drip loss (%) | ||||||
d 1 | 2.48 | 3.09 | 2.46 | 2.16 | 0.39 | 0.07 |
d 3 | 7.45 | 7.41 | 7.34 | 7.77 | 0.66 | 0.65 |
d 5 | 12.04 | 13.21 | 11.93 | 12.47 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
d 7 | 15.38 | 15.55 | 14.97 | 16.98 | 0.80 | 0.35 |
Relative organ weight (%) | ||||||
Liver | 2.78 | 2.92 | 2.75 | 2.56 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
Spleen | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.78 |
Bursa of fabricius | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
Breast muscle | 16.76 | 17.59 | 17.66 | 18.55 | 0.77 | 0.19 |
Abdominal fat | 1.60ab | 1.72a | 1.50b | 1.35b | 0.06 | 0.04 |
Gizzard | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.20 |