Items | Control diets1) | |
---|---|---|
|
||
AA+ | AA− | |
Corn (%) | 73.81 | 74.85 |
Soybean meal (%) | 22.00 | 22.00 |
Soybean oil (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Choline chloride (%) | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Dicalcium phosphate (%) | 1.25 | 1.25 |
Calcium carbonate (%) | 1.05 | 1.05 |
Sodium chloride (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
L-Lys HCl (%) | 0.54 | 0.00 |
DL-Met (%) | 0.15 | 0.00 |
L-Thr (%) | 0.18 | 0.00 |
L-Trp (%) | 0.04 | 0.00 |
L-Val (%) | 0.13 | 0.00 |
Vitamin and mineral premix2) (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Calculated compositions | ||
DE (MJ/kg) | 14.05 | 14.20 |
ME (MJ/kg) | 13.60 | 13.74 |
Crude protein (%) | 16.47 | 15.56 |
Digestible Lys (% | 1.09 | 0.67 |
Digestible Met:Lys ratio | 0.34 | 0.34 |
Digestible Met+Cys:Lys ratio | 0.55 | 0.70 |
Digestible Thr:Lys ratio | 0.60 | 0.72 |
Digestible Trp:Lys ratio | 0.17 | 0.22 |
Digestible Val:Lys ratio | 0.65 | 0.88 |
Ca (%) | 0.73 | 0.73 |
Digestible P (%) | 0.35 | 0.35 |
1) AA+, basal diet with amino acid supplementation; AA−, basal diet without amino acid supplementation.
2) Premix provided the following per kg of complete diet for growing pigs: vitamin A, 5,512 IU; vitamin D3, 2,200 IU; vitamin E, 30 IU; vitamin K3, 2.2 mg; vitamin B12, 27.6 μg; riboflavin, 4.0 mg; pantothenic acid, 14.0 mg; niacin, 30.0 mg; choline chloride, 400.0 mg; folacin, 0.7 mg; thiamine 1.5 mg; pyridoxine 3.0 mg; biotin, 44.0 μg; Mn (MnO), 40.0 mg; Fe (FeSO4·H2O), 75.0 mg; Zn (ZnO), 75.0 mg; Cu (CuSO4·5H2O), 100.0 mg; I (KI), 0.3 mg; Se (Na2SeO3), 0.3 mg.
Items | Soybean oil |
---|---|
Fatty acids (% of total fat) | |
C14:0 | 0.09 |
C16:0 | 11.09 |
C16:1 | 0.10 |
C17:0 | 0.10 |
C18:0 | 4.16 |
C18:1 | 22.71 |
C18:2 | 52.87 |
C18:3 | 6.48 |
C20:0 | 0.38 |
C20:1 | 0.20 |
C21:0 | 0.10 |
C22:0 | 0.40 |
C23:0 | 0.59 |
C24:0 | 0.18 |
Other fatty acids | 0.41 |
SFA (%) | 17.09 |
UFA (%) | 82.37 |
MUFA | 23.01 |
PUFA (%) | 59.35 |
U:S | 4.82 |
MIU (%) | 0.32 |
FFA (%) | 0.10 |
IV1) (%) | 128 |
Peroxide value (mEq/kg) | 1.55 |
p-Anisidine value (mg/kg) | 1.06 |
Hexanal (mg/kg) | 2.65 |
Total tocopherols (mg/kg) | 710 |
SFA, saturated fatty acids; UFA, unsaturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; U:S, the ratio of UFA to SFA; MIU, the sum of moisture, insoluble impurities and unsaponifiable matter; FFA, free fatty acids.
1) IV: iodine value, which was calculated using the fatty acid profile data following the equation proposed by Mireia et al [22]: IV = (C16:1×0.95)+(C18:1×0.86)+ (C18:2×1.732)+(C18:3×2.616)+(C20:1×0.795)+(C20:2×1.57)+ (C20:3×2.38) +(C20:4×3.19)+(C20:5×4.01)+(C22:4×2.93)+(C22:5×3.68)+(C22:6×4.64).
Items | AA addition | SO Inclusion level (%) | SEM | p-value | |||||
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|
|
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AA+ | AA− | 0 | 5 | 10 | AA addition | Inclusion level | Interaction | ||
Energy content | |||||||||
GE (MJ/kg) | 17.44 | 17.58 | 16.42 | 17.56 | 18.56 | ||||
GE in feces (MJ/kg) | 1.93 | 2.04 | 1.96 | 2.11 | 1.89 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.96 |
GE in urine (MJ/kg) | 0.18b | 0.25a | 0.17b | 0.24a | 0.25a | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.81 |
DE (MJ/kg) | 15.50 | 15.55 | 14.45c | 15.46b | 16.68a | 0.09 | 0.59 | <0.01 | 0.25 |
ME (MJ/kg) | 15.32 | 15.30 | 14.29c | 15.22b | 16.43a | 0.09 | 0.75 | <0.01 | 0.21 |
ME/DE (%) | 98.83a | 98.40b | 98.86 | 98.48 | 98.52 | 0.17 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 0.84 |
ATTD (%) | |||||||||
GE | 88.52 | 88.37 | 87.51c | 88.04b | 89.60a | 0.25 | 0.27 | <0.01 | 0.93 |
DM | 89.72 | 90.15 | 89.09b | 90.28a | 90.44a | 0.16 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.21 |
OM | 91.08 | 91.70 | 90.37b | 91.91a | 91.89a | 0.15 | 0.11 | <0.01 | 0.19 |
AEE | 77.42 | 75.42 | 60.90c | 81.26b | 87.10a | 0.41 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 0.24 |
N balance (g/kg BW0.75/24 h) | |||||||||
N intake | 26.88 | 25.96 | 27.81 | 26.42 | 25.03 | ||||
Fecal N excretion | 3.47 | 3.47 | 3.63a | 3.82a | 2.98b | 0.09 | 0.66 | 0.04 | 0.42 |
Urinary N excretion | 5.68b | 8.52a | 6.55 | 7.21 | 7.55 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.12 |
N retention | 17.72a | 13.97b | 17.64a | 15.40b | 14.51c | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.18 |
ATTD of N | 87.09 | 86.65 | 86.96b | 85.56c | 88.10a | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.21 |
Items | Regression equations1) | R2 | RMSE | Intercept | Slope | When x = 1, estimation of DE or ME | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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SEM | p-value | SEM | p-value | |||||
AA+ | ||||||||
DE | y = 14.320+23.700x | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.08 | <0.01 | 1.27 | <0.01 | 38.02 |
ME | y = 14.169+23.000x | 0.94 | 0.24 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 1.38 | <0.01 | 37.17 |
AA− | ||||||||
DE | y = 14.512+20.667x | 0.94 | 0.22 | 0.08 | <0.01 | 1.29 | <0.01 | 35.18 |
ME | y = 14.314+19.617x | 0.93 | 0.23 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 1.35 | <0.01 | 33.93 |