Components | n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
2:1 | 3:1 | 5:1 | 8:1 | |
Ingredients (%) | ||||
Corn | 67.00 | 67.00 | 67.00 | 67.00 |
Distillers dried grains with soluble | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
Corn germ meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Soybean meal (47.5% Protein) | 19.00 | 19.00 | 19.00 | 19.00 |
Wheat bran | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Limestone | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Soybean oil1) | 0.40 | 1.20 | 1.60 | 2.00 |
Linseed oil | 1.60 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.00 |
Premix2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Chemical composition3) | ||||
ME (MJ/kg) | 14.07 | 14.07 | 14.07 | 14.07 |
Crude protein (%) | 15.80 | 15.80 | 15.80 | 15.80 |
Crude lipid (%) | 5.04 | 5.04 | 5.04 | 5.04 |
Crude fiber (%) | 3.24 | 3.24 | 3.24 | 3.24 |
Crude ash (%) | 3.94 | 3.94 | 3.94 | 3.94 |
Lysine (%) | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
Methionine + cysteine (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
Threonine (%) | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
1) To replace equivalent amounts of soybean oil, 1.6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, and 0.0% of linseed oil were used, making the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios about 2:1, 3:1,5:1 and 8:1, respectively
2) Premix provided per kg diet: vitamin A, 8,000 IU; vitamin B1, 15 mg; vitamin B2, 30 mg; vitamin B6, 15 mg; vitamin B12, 0.5 mg; vitamin D3, 3,000 IU; vitamin E, 60 IU; vitamin K, 35 mg; nicotinic acid, 175 mg; pantothenic acid, 50 mg; biotin, 2.5 mg; folic acid, 5 mg; Cu, 3 mg as copper sulfate; Fe, 25 mg as iron sulfate; Zn, 60 mg as zinc sulfate; Mn, 15 mg as magnesium sulfate; I, 0.6 mg as potassium iodate; Se, 0.45 mg as sodium selenate.
Fatty acid | n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
2:1 | 3:1 | 5:1 | 8:1 | |
C8:0 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
C10:0 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
C12:0 | 1.19 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 0.50 |
C14:0 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
C16:0 | 12.21 | 13.54 | 14.28 | 14.28 |
C16:1 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
C17:0 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
C18:0 | 3.41 | 3.81 | 4.07 | 3.24 |
C18:1 | 23.69 | 23.68 | 25.38 | 25.29 |
C18:2n-6 | 39.59 | 42.35 | 45.11 | 48.71 |
C18:3n-3 | 17.61 | 13.35 | 8.66 | 6.22 |
C20:0 | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.33 |
C20:1 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.23 |
C22:0 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.24 |
C22:4n-6 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
C23:0 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
C24:0 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.16 |
MUFA | 24.29 | 24.22 | 25.82 | 25.75 |
PUFA | 57.30 | 55.80 | 53.86 | 55.02 |
SFA | 18.42 | 19.98 | 20.33 | 19.24 |
n-6:n-31) | 2.25 | 3.18 | 5.22 | 7.84 |
Fatty acid | n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio | SEM | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
2:1 | 3:1 | 5:1 | 8:1 | Linear | Quadratic | ||
C8:0 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.700 | 0.239 |
C10:0 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.044 | 0.137 |
C14:0 | 1.79 | 1.54 | 1.36 | 1.21 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.349 |
C16:0 | 25.55 | 25.04 | 25.22 | 26.34 | 0.55 | 0.192 | 0.218 |
C16:1 | 2.55 | 3.10 | 2.99 | 2.07 | 0.20 | 0.042 | 0.002 |
C17:0 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.555 | 0.684 |
C18:0 | 13.44 | 14.06 | 13.67 | 14.07 | 0.40 | 0.755 | 0.890 |
C18:1 | 37.65 | 37.29 | 36.70 | 37.06 | 1.41 | 0.750 | 0.884 |
C18:2n-6 | 13.42 | 14.76 | 15.67 | 16.14 | 0.55 | 0.007 | 0.017 |
C18:3n-3 | 3.06 | 2.35 | 2.31 | 1.21 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.159 |
C20:0 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.384 | 0.007 |
C20:1 | 0.93 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.003 | 0.160 |
C20:2n-6 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.191 | 0.430 |
C20:4n-6 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.935 | 0.514 |
MUFA | 41.07 | 40.90 | 40.29 | 39.63 | 1.42 | 0.672 | 0.862 |
PUFA | 17.97 | 17.92 | 18.92 | 18.18 | 0.55 | 0.613 | 0.478 |
SFA | 41.46 | 41.17 | 40.79 | 42.19 | 0.74 | 0.856 | 0.133 |
n-6:n-31) | 4.87 | 6.63 | 7.19 | 14.02 | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.076 |
PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; LT, lingissimus thoracis; SEM, standard error of the mean; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (the sum of C16:1, C18:1, C20:1); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids (the sum of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:4n-6); SFA, saturated fatty acids (the sum of C8:0, C10:0, C14:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0).
Fatty acid | n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio | SEM | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
2:1 | 3:1 | 5:1 | 8:1 | Linear | Quadratic | ||
C10:0 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.165 | 0.152 |
C12:0 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.887 | 0.109 |
C14:0 | 1.29 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.36 | 0.02 | 0.075 | <0.001 |
C16:0 | 23.49 | 22.65 | 22.62 | 23.69 | 0.82 | 0.686 | 0.521 |
C16:1 | 1.34 | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.19 | 0.04 | 0.042 | <0.001 |
C17:0 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.243 | 0.426 |
C18:0 | 16.04 | 12.49 | 14.03 | 14.03 | 0.58 | 0.444 | 0.170 |
C18:1 | 29.46 | 33.79 | 31.14 | 30.66 | 1.10 | 0.802 | 0.472 |
C18:2n-6 | 21.56 | 23.49 | 24.80 | 25.26 | 0.72 | 0.002 | 0.134 |
C18:3n-3 | 4.34 | 2.76 | 2.71 | 1.78 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.061 |
C20:0 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.138 | 0.160 |
C20:1 | 0.92 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.04 | 0.073 | 0.220 |
C20:2n-6 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 0.446 | 0.086 |
C20:3n-6 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.911 | 0.903 |
C20:4n-6 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.474 | 0.410 |
MUFA | 31.42 | 35.91 | 33.07 | 32.41 | 1.12 | 0.583 | 0.452 |
PUFA | 26.84 | 28.24 | 28.53 | 27.93 | 0.72 | 0.452 | 0.264 |
SFA | 41.44 | 36.83 | 38.38 | 39.66 | 0.83 | 0.861 | 0.073 |
n-6:n-31) | 5.18 | 6.56 | 9.53 | 14.69 | 1.37 | <0.001 | 0.045 |
PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SCAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SEM, standard error of the mean; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (the sum of C16:1, C18:1, C20:1); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids (the sum of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6); SFA, saturated fatty acids (the sum of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0,C20:0).