Year | Authors | Target gene | GE method | KO or KI | Achievement | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | Qian et al | MSTN | ZFN | KO | Improved Meishan pig meat growth through double muscling | [43] |
2015 | Wang et al | MSTN | CRISPR/Cas9 | KO | 8 stillbirths or early deaths in Landrace piglets, with 2 showing double muscling | [44] |
2016 | Wang et al | MSTN | CRISPR/Cas9 ssODN | KI | Generation of one early dead Large White piglet with a point mutation (c.938G>A) | [45] |
2017 | Wang et al | MSTN | CRISPR/Cas9 | KO | Generation of 23 Erhualian pigs with obvious muscular protrusion, wider backs and fuller hips compared with the wild-type control. | [46] |
2019 | Zou et al | MSTN | CRISPR/Cpf1-assisted ssODN | KO | Two heterozygous Durocs with the Belgian Blue mutation | [47] |
2020 | Li et al | MSTN | CRISPR/Cas9 | Ed | Introduction of two mutations (PVD20H and GP19del) in the MSTN signal peptide region in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs, resulting in enhanced muscle mass. | [49] |
2018 | Xiang et al | IGF2 | CRISPR/Cas9 | Ed | The IGF2 intron 3–3072 site was mutated with abolished repressor binding, the F1 Bama pigs grew faster with normal meat quality. | [48] |
2021 | You et al | Fat-1/IGF-1 | CRISPR/Cas9 | KI | KI Fat-1 and IGF-1 gene in the Rosa26 locus could increase pork ω-3 PUFA content and decrease the ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA ratio | [68] |
2018 | Zou et al | FBXO40 | CRISPR/Cas9 | KO | Simultaneous KI with a Neo resistance selection marker, increasing muscle mass growth by 4% without detectable pathological effects. | [51] |
2017 | Zhang et al | UCP1 | CRISPR/Cas9 | KI | Increased thermogenesis of piglets, improving survival rate and welfare | [57] |
2021 | Gu et al | PPARγ | CRISPR/Cas9 | KI | Intramuscular fat was increased with normal carcass lean ratio | [69] |
KO, gene knockout; KI, DNA fragment or exogene knock-in; MSTN, myostatin; ZFN, zinc finger nuclease; CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) endoribonuclease 9; Cpf1, type V Cas9; ssODN, single strain oligo-DNA; Ed, editing; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; Fat-1, fatty acid desaturase; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; FBXO40, F-box protein 40; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
Year | Authors | Virus | Targeting gene | KO/Indel | Achievement and conclusion | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | Prather et al | PRRSV | CD169 | HR | CD169 KO pigs were unresistant to PRRSV infection | [82] |
2014 | Whitworth et al | PRRSV | CD163 | KO | Generation of CD163 KO pigs | [70] |
2016 | Whitworth et al | PRRSV | CD163 | KO | No fever or lung pathogenesis after PRRSV challenge | [84] |
2017 | Whitworth et al | PRRSV | CD163 | KO | CD163 KO sows showed normal pregnancy | [86] |
2017 | Burkard et al | PRRSV | CD163 | Exon 7 | Challenge of both PAMs and PMMs with PRRSV genotype 1, subtypes 1, 2, and 3 and PMMs with PRRSV genotype 2 revealed complete resistance to viral infections assessed by replication. | [71] |
2018 | Burkard et al | PRRSV | CD163 | Exon 7 | Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 (SRCR5) region-deleted pigs were fully resistant to virus infection. | [85] |
2018 | Yang et al | PRRSV | CD163 | KO | CD163 knockout conferred full resistance to highly pathogenic PRRSV infection in pigs without impairing the biological function associated with the gene. | [72] |
2019 | Guo et al | PRRSV | CD163 | Exon 7 | Partial SRCR5 region-deleted pigs were completely resistant to PRRSV 2 infection, but PAM still exhibited a cytokine response. | [73] |
2019 | Wang et al | PRRSV | CD163 | Exon 7 | Challenged with a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain, the CD163E7D pigs exhibited mild clinical symptoms and had decreased viral loads in blood. | [74] |
2021 | Tanihara et al | PRRSV | CD163 | KO | Transfer of GE vectors via electroporation into in vitro-fertilization zygotes generated one piglet carrying a 5 bp deletion in CD163 | [76] |
2017 | Popescu et al | ASF | CD163 | KO | No resistance upon challenging with the ASF virus isolate Georgia 2007/1. | [78] |
2013 | Lillico et al | ASF | RELA | KO | Generation of live pigs with RELA KO by TALEN and ZFN | [90] |
2016 | Lillico et al | ASF | RELA | Ed | Interspecies substitution of 3 AA of RELA from warthog to domestic pig by ZFN | [77] |
2020 | McCleary et al | ASF | RELA | Ed | Substitution of 3 AA of RELA by editing in pigs was not sufficient to confer resilience to ASFV | [91] |
2019 | Whitworth et al | TGEV/ PEDV | APN | KO | ANPEP null pigs were not susceptible to TGEV infection but retained susceptibility to PEDV infection. | [79] |
2019 | Tu et al | PEDV | CMAH | KO | CMAH KO piglets with null NGNA expression were not immune to PEDV but may show lessened severity. | [65] |
2020 | Xu et al | PRRSV TGEV | CD163 pAPN | Exon 7 KO | Double KO pigs were resistant to type II PRRSV and TGEV infection; upon TGEV infection, WT pigs showed pathogenesis but no significant difference in weight gain from dKO pigs. | [75] |
2018 | Xie et al | CSFV | shRNA | KI | Small hairpin RNA KI in the porcine Rosa26 locus improved resistance to CSFV infection. | [80] |
CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) endoribonuclease 9; KO, gene knockout; Indel, insertion and deletion; PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; CD163E7D, CD163 exon 7 deleted; ASF, African swine fever; RELA, p65, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; Ed, editing; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus; PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea; CMAH, CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase; NGNA, N-glycolylneuraminic acid; pAPN, porcine aminopeptidase N; CSFV, classical swine fever virus; KI, DNA fragment or exo-gene knock-in.