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Water-soluble microencapsulation using gum Arabic and skim milk enhances viability and efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic strains for application in broiler chickens |
Ratchanida Kamwa1,2 
, Benjamas Khurajog1
, Nongnut Muangsin3
, Pawiya Pupa4
, David John Hampson5
, Nuvee Prapasarakul1,6,*
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1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring Animal Pathogens (DMAP). Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
6School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia |
Correspondence:
Nuvee Prapasarakul, Tel: +66-2-218-9581, Fax: +66-2-251-1656, Email: nuvee.p@chula.ac.th
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Received: 25 October 2023 • Revised: 21 December 2023 • Accepted: 10 February 2024 |
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| Abstract |
Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a water-soluble microencapsulation method for probiotic strains using gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) over a three-month storage period following processing.
Methods
Four strains of Pediococcus acidilactici (BYF26, BYF20, BF9, and BF14) that were typical lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the chicken gut were mixed with different ratios of gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) as coating agents before spray drying at an inlet temperature 140°C. After processing, the survivability and probiotic qualities of the strains were assessed from two weeks to three months of storage at varied temperatures, and de-encapsulation was performed to confirm the soluble properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the probiotics was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.
Results
As shown by scanning electron microscopy, spray-drying produced a spherical, white-yellow powder. The encapsulation efficacy (EE percent) was greatest for a coating containing a combination of 30% gum Arabic: 30% skim milk (w/v) (GA:SKM30) compared to lower concentrations of the two ingredients (p<0.05). Coating with GA:SKM30 (w/v) significantly enhanced (p<0.05) BYF26 survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2.5-3) and maintained higher survival rates compared to non-encapsulated cells under an artificial intestinal juices (AIJ) condition of pH 6. De-encapsulation tests indicated that the encapsulated powder dissolved in water while keeping viable cell counts within the effective range of 106 for 6 hours. In addition, following three months storage at 4°C, microencapsulation of BYF26 in GA:SKM30 maintained both the number of viable cells (p<0.05) and the preparation’s antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, specifically strains of Salmonella.
Conclusion
Our prototype water-soluble probiotic microencapsulation GA:SKM30 effectively maintains LAB characteristics and survival rates, demonstrating its potential for use in preserving probiotic strains that can be used in chickens and potentially in other livestock.
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| Keywords:
Antibiotic-alternative; Broiler Chicken; Microencapsulation; Probiotics; Salmonella; Spray Dry |
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