Dietary supplementing phytosterols improves the metabolic status of perinatal cows revealed by plasma metabolomics and faecal microbial metabolism

Gao, Jian; Lv, Donghai; Wu, Zichen; Sun, Zhanying; Sun, Xiaoni; Liu, Suozhu; Tan, Zhankun; Zhu, Weiyun; Cheng, Yanfen

doi:.0.0.0

Article

https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0422 [Accepted] Published online April 26, 2024.

Dietary supplementing phytosterols improves the metabolic status of perinatal cows revealed by plasma metabolomics and faecal microbial metabolism

Jian Gao¹

, Yanfen Cheng^1,*

¹Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
²College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China

Correspondence: Yanfen Cheng, Tel: +86-025-84395523, Fax: +86-025-84395523, Email: yanfencheng@njau.edu.cn

Received: 16 October 2023 • Revised: 6 February 2024 • Accepted: 28 March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Previous research reported that dietary addition with phytosterols improved the energy utilisation of the rumen microbiome, suggesting its potential to alleviate the negative energy balance of perinatal cows. This experiment aimed to explore the effects of feeding phytosterols on the metabolic status of perinatal cows through plasma metabolomics and faecal bacteria metabolism.
Methods
Ten perinatal Holstein cows (multiparous, 2 parities) with a similar calving date were selected four weeks before calving. After 7 days for adaptation, cows were allocated to two groups (n5), which respectively received the basal rations supplementing commercial phytosterols at 0 and 200 mg/d during a 42-day experiment. The milk yield of each cow was recorded daily after calving. On days 1 and 42, blood and faeces samples were all collected from perinatal cows before morning feeding for analysing plasma biochemicals and metabolome, and faecal bacteria metabolism.
Results
Dietary addition with phytosterols at 200 mg/d had no effects on plasma cholesterol and numerically increased milk yield by 1.82 kg/d (p>0.10) but attenuated their negative energy balance in perinatal cows as observed from the significantly decreased plasma level of -hydroxybutyric acid (p0.002). Dietary addition with phytosterols significantly altered 12 and 15 metabolites (p<0.05) within the plasma and faeces of perinatal cows, respectively. Of these metabolites, 5 upregulated plasma fatty acids indicated an improved energy status (i.e., C18:1T, C14:0, C17:0, C18:0, and C16:0). Milk yield negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of ketone bodies (p0.035) and 5-methoxytryptamine (p0.039). Furthermore, dietary addition with phytosterols at 200 mg/d had no effects on fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity of cow faeces (p>0.10) but improved potentially beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae family (p<0.05) that positively correlated with feed efficiency.
Conclusion
Dietary addition with phytosterols at 200 mg/d could effectively improve the energy status in perinatal cows by attenuating their negative energy balance.

Keywords: Faecal Microbe; Metabolic Status; Perinatal Cow; Phytosterols; Plasma Metabolome